We provide real-world case examples of potential solutions when a reference standard
is not clearly defined, easily replicable, or when it is infeasible or unethical to
perform the reference standard on all patients.
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Clinical EpidemiologyAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- GRADE guidelines: 21 part 1. Study design, risk of bias, and indirectness in rating the certainty across a body of evidence for test accuracy.J Clin Epidemiol. 2020; 122: 129-141
- The infectious diseases society of America guidelines on the diagnosis of COVID-19: molecular diagnostic testing.Clin Infect Dis. 2021; : ciab048
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy for the diagnosis of suspected pulmonary embolism.Blood Adv. 2020; 4: 4296-4311
- Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the accuracy of HPV tests, visual inspection with acetic acid, cytology, and colposcopy.Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016; 132: 259-265
- World Health Organization Guidelines for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2-3 and screen-and-treat strategies to prevent cervical cancer.Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016; 132: 252-258
- Appropriate use of point-of-care ultrasonography in patients with acute dyspnea in emergency department or inpatient settings: a clinical guideline from the American college of physicians.Ann Intern Med. 2021; 174: 985-993
Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 28, 2022
Publication stage
In Press Journal Pre-ProofFootnotes
Declaration of interest: None financial. Drs Mustafa and Shunemnann co-lead the GRADE diagnosis project group and have published extensively in this area.
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.