Abstract
Objectives
Self-efficacy theory, as developed by Bandura, suggests that self-efficacy is an important
predictor of future behavior. The Chronic Disease Self-Management Program was designed
to enhance self-efficacy as one approach to improving health behaviors and outcomes
for people with varying chronic diseases. The six-item Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic
Disease Scale (SEMCD) and the four-item Spanish-language version (SEMCD-S) were developed
to measure changes in self-efficacy in program participants and have been used in
a numerous evaluations of chronic disease self-management programs. This study describes
the development of the scales and their psychometric properties.
Study Design and Setting
Secondary analyses of questionnaire data from 2,866 participants in six studies are
used to quantify and evaluate the SEMCD. Data from 868 participants in two studies
are used for the SEMCD-S. Subjects consisted of individuals with various chronic conditions,
who enrolled in chronic disease self-management programs (either small group or Internet
based). Subjects came from United States, England, Canada, Mexico, and Australia.
Descriptive statistics are summarized, reliability tested (Cronbach alpha), and principal
component analyses applied to items. Baseline and change scores are correlated with
baseline and change scores for five medical outcome variables that have been shown
to be associated with self-efficacy measures in past studies.
Results
Principal component analyses confirmed the one-dimensional structure of the scales.
The SEMCD had means ranging from 4.9 to 6.1 and the SEMCD-S 6.1 and 6.2. Internal
consistency was high (Cronbach alpha, 0.88–0.95). The scales were sensitive to change
and significantly correlated with health outcomes.
Conclusion
The SEMCD and SEMCD-S are reliable and appear to be valid instruments for assessing
self-efficacy for managing chronic disease. There was remarkable consistency across
a range of studies from varying countries using two languages.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 01, 2014
Accepted:
June 1,
2014
Footnotes
Conflict of interest: There are no conflicts of interest. There was no additional funding for the secondary analyses of data from the eight studies utilized.
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
