Abstract
Objectives: To determined the association between spinal pain, headache, health, demographic
and socio-economic characteristics, and development of depressive symptomatology.
Methods: A population-based, random sample of adults was surveyed and followed at 6 and 12
months. Individuals at risk of depression at baseline are the subjects of this article
(n = 845). We used Cox proportional hazards models to measure the time-varying effects
of demographic, socio-economic, and health status; comorbid medical conditions; spinal
pain; and headaches on the development of depression.
Results: After adjusting for baseline depressive symptoms and factors associated with nonresponse
to follow-up, we found that spinal pain severity, younger age, marital status (separated/divorced/widowed),
self-perceived poor health status, and comorbid neurologic and gastro-intestinal disease
were associated with onset of a new episode of depression.
Conclusions: Important predictors of depressive symptomatology include demographic characteristics,
health problems, and pain problems.
Keywords
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