Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 53, Issue 2 , Pages 113-124 , February 2000

Revision of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps: Developmental issues

  • Rune J. Simeonsson

      Affiliations

    • School of Education, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center, Sheryl-Mar Suite 100, CB No. 8185, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8185 USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: (919) 966-6634; fax: (919) 966-0862. E-mail address:(R.J. Simeonsson)
  • ,
  • Donald Lollar

      Affiliations

    • Office on Disability and Health, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
  • ,
  • Joseph Hollowell

      Affiliations

    • Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
  • ,
  • Mike Adams

      Affiliations

    • Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA

Received 2 December 1997 ,Revised 12 April 1999 ,Accepted 26 April 1999.

References 

  1. Aron LY, Loprest PJ, Steurle CE. Serving Children with Disabilities. Washington DC: Urban Institute Press; 1996;
  2. World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Ed Geneva: WHO, 1992.
  3. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th Ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994;
  4. World Health Organization . International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps. Geneva: WHO; 1980;
  5. Stein REK, Westbrook LE, Bauman U. The questionnaire for identifying children with chronic conditions (a measure based on a noncategorical approach). Pediatrics. 1997;99:513–521
  6. Hutchinson T. The classification of disability. Arch Diseases of Childhood. 1995;73:91–93
  7. Kaye HS. Education of children with disabilities. Disability Statistics Abstract. 1997;19:1–4
  8. Suris JC, Blum RW. Disability rates among adolescents (an international comparison). J Adolescent Health. 1993;14:548–552
  9. Fryers T. Epidemiology and taxonomy in mental retardation. Pediatric & Perinatal Epidemiol. 1992;6:181–192
  10. Simeonsson RJ, Chen J, Hu Y. Functional assessment of Chinese children with the ABILITIES index. Disability and Rehabilitation. 1995;17:400–410
  11. Frances A, Pincus HA, Widiger TA, Davis WW, First MB. Dsm-IV (work in progress). Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147:439–448
  12. Crews JE. Measuring rehabilitation outcomes and the public policies on aging and blindness. J Gerontol Social Work. 1991;17:137–151
  13. Ustun TB, vanDuuren-Kristen S, Bertolote J, Cooper JE. The international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps (ICIDH) (mental health aspects of its use in rehabilitation). Eur Psychiatry. 1991;11:51s–55s
  14. Harwood RH, Rogers A, Dickinson E, Ebrahim S. Measuring handicap (The London handicap scale, a new outcome measure for chronic disease). Quality in Health Care. 1994;3:11–16
  15. Whiteneck GG, Charlifue SW, Gerhart KA, Overholser JD, Richardson GN. Quantifying handicap (a new measure of long-term rehabilitation outcomes). Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992;73:519–526
  16. van Bennekom CAM, Jelles F, Lankhorst GJ, Bouter LM. The Rehabilitation Activities Profile (a validation study of its use as a disability index with stroke patients). Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76:501–507
  17. Vez JP, Vader JP, Paccaud P. Cross-coding from the Swiss disability insurance listing to the ICIDH. [special issue] The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) (Perspectives and developments II). Disability & Rehabilitation. 1995;17:369–376
  18. Last PM. First experiences with ICIDH in Australia's largest nursing home. Int Rehabilitation Medicine. 1985;7:63–66
  19. Stride NM. An investigation of the dependence of severely disabled people in a hospital. J Advanced Nursing. 1988;13:556–564
  20. Tilquin C, Michelon P, D'Hoore W, Sicotte C, Carillo E, Leonard G. Using the handicap code of the ICIDH for classifying patients by intenisty of nursing care requirements. Disability and Rehabilitations. 1995;17:176–183
  21. Badley EM. The icidh (Format, application in different settings, and distinction between disability and handicap. a critique of papers on the application of the international classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps). Int Disability Studies. 1987;9:122–125
  22. Peters J. Human experience in disablement (the imperative of the ICIDH. [special issue] The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps: perspectives and developments). Disability & Rehabilitation. 1995;17:135–144
  23. American with Disabilities Act of 1990. Publication 101–336. 104 Stat. 327–378, 1990.
  24. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Amendments of 1997. Pub. L No. 105–17, 1997.
  25. Lindqvist B. Standard rules in the disability field (a new United Nations instrument). Scan J Rehab Med Suppl. 1995;33:7–12
  26. Ferngren H, Lagergren J. Classification of handicaps in 6–7-year-old mentally retarded children. Int Disability Studies. 1988;10:155–158
  27. Diderichsen J, Ferngren H, Hansen FJ, Lindman C, Kallio T, Lagergren J, et al.  The handicap code of the ICIDH, adapted for children aged 6–7 years (classification group of the Nordic Neuropediatric Association). Int Disability Studies. 1990;12:54–60
  28. Marge M. Toward a state of well being: Promoting healthy behaviors to prevent secondary conditions. In: Lollar DJ, editor. Preventing Secondary Conditions Associated with Spina Bifida or Cerebral Palsy: Proceedings and Recommendations of a Symposium. Washington DC: Spina Bifida Association of America, 1994.
  29. Lollar DJ. Encouraging personal and interpersonal independence. In: Lollar DJ, editor Preventing Secondary Conditions Associated with Spina Bifida or Cerebral Palsy: Proceedings and Recommendations of a Symposium. Washington DC: Spina Bifida Association of America, 1994.
  30. Heerkens YF, Van Ravensberg CD, Brandsma JW. The need for revision of the ICIDH (an example—problems in gait). Disability & Rehabilitation. 1995;17:184–194
  31. Hale CA, Borkowski JG. Attention, memory, and cognition. In:  Matson JL, Mulick JA editors  editor. Handbook on Mental Retardation. 2nd. Ed. New York: Pergamon Press; 1991;
  32. Wood PHN. Measuring the consequences of illness. World Health Statistics Quarterly. 1989;42:115–121
  33. Simeonsson RJ. Early prevention of childhood disability in developing countries. Int J Rehab Research. 1991;14:1–12
  34. McGrew KS. The identification of individuals with disabilities in national databases (creating a failure to communicate). J Special Education. 1995;28:472–487
  35. Conners CK. Is ADHD a disease?. J Attention Disorders. 1997;2:3–17
  36. Schweitzer JB, Sulzer-Azaroff B. Self-control in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (effects of added stimulation and time). J Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1995;36:671–686
  37. Buss AR. A conceptual framework for learning effecting the development of ability factors. Human Development. 1973;16:273–292
  38. Emerson E, Bromley J. The form and function of challenging behaviours. J Intellectual Disability Research. 1995;39:388–398
  39. Sturmey P. DSM-III-R and persons with dual diagnoses (conceptual issues and strategies for future research). J Intellectual Disability Research. 1995;39:357–364
  40. Gates B. Issues of reliability and validity in the measurement of challenging behavior (behavioral difficulties) in learning disability (a discussion of implications for nursing research and practice). J Clinical Nursing. 1996;5:7–12
  41. Lewit EM, Baker LS. Children in special education. The Future of Children: Special Education for Students with Disabilities. 1996;6:139–151
  42. Perrin EC, Newacheck P, Pless B, Drotar D, Gortmaker SL, Levanthal J, et al.  Issues involved in the definition and classification of chronic health conditions. Pediatrics. 1993;91:787–793
  43. MacFarlane AC. The International Classification of Impairments. Disabilities, and Handicaps (its usefulness in classifying and understanding biopsychosocial phenomena). Aust & New Zealand J Psychiatry. 1988;22:31–42
  44. Frances AJ, First MB, Widiger TA, Miele GM, Tilly SM, Davis WW, et al.  An a to z guide to DSM-IV conundrums. J Abnormal Psychology. 1991;100:407–412
  45. Finkelstein V. Planning services together with disabled people (the importance of a common language). World Health Statistics Quarterly. 1989;42:177–179
  46. In:  Haglund BJA,  Petterson B,  Finer D,  Tillgren P editor. Creating Supportive Environments for Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996;
  47. Wolraich ML, Felice ME, Drotar D. The Classification of Child and Adolescent Mental Diagnoses in Primary Care. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 1996;
  48. Livneh H. Person-environment congruence (a rehabilitation perspective). Int J Rehabilitation Research. 1987;10:3–19
  49. Letts L, Law M, Rigby P, Cooper B, Stewart D, Strong S. Person-environment assessments in occupational therapy. Am J. Occupational Therapy. 1994;48:608–618
  50. In:  Schulenberg J,  Maggs JL,  Hurrelmann K editor. Health Risks and Developmental Transitions During Adolescence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1997;
  51. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Children with Disabilities . General priniciples in the care of children and adolescents with genetic disorders and other chronic health conditions. Pediatrics. 1997;99:643–644
  52. Furney KS, Hasazi SB. Destefano L. Transition policies, practices and promises (lessons from three states). Exceptional Children. 1997;63:343–355
  53. Hogan DP, Msall ME, Rogers ML, Avery RC. Improved disability population estimates of functional limitation among American children aged 5–17. Maternal and Child Journal. 1997;1(4):203–216
  54. Kirby RS, Brewster MA, Canino CV, Pavin M. Early childhood surveillance of developmental disorders by a birth defect surveillance system (methods, prevalence comparison, and mentality patterns). J Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 1995;16:318–326
  55. Chamie M. Survey designs strategies for the study of disability. World Health Statistics Quarterly. 1989;42:122–141
  56. Hennessy CH, Moriarty DG, Zack MM, Scherr PA, Brackbill R. Measuring health-related quality of life for public health surveillance. Public Health Reports. 1994;109:665–672

PII: S0895-4356(99)00133-X

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 53, Issue 2 , Pages 113-124 , February 2000