Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 52, Issue 4 , Pages 303-307 , April 1999

Age at Natural Menopause and Total Mortality and Mortality from Ischemic Heart Disease: The Adventist Health Study

  • Bjarne K. Jacobsen

      Affiliations

    • Center for Health Research and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
    • Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Dr. Bjarne K. Jacobsen, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
    • ,
  • Synnøve F. Knutsen

      Affiliations

    • Center for Health Research and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA
    • ,
  • Gary E. Fraser

      Affiliations

    • Center for Health Research and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA USA

,Accepted 6 November 1998.

References 

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  3. Jacobsen BK, Nilssen S, Heuch I, Kvåle G. Does age at natural menopause affect mortality from ischemic heart disease?. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997;50:475–479
  4. van der Schouw YT, van der Graaf Y, Steyerberg EW, Eijkemans MJC, Banga JD. Age at menopause as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Lancet. 1996;347:714–718
  5. Snowdon DA, Kane RL, Beeson WL, Burke GL, Sprafka M, Potter J, et al.  Is early natural menopause a biologic marker of health and aging?. Am J Public Health. 1989;79:709–714
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  13. Palmer JR, Rosenberg L, Shapiro S. Reproductive factors and risk of myocardial infarction. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136:408–416
  14. Rosenberg L, Hennekens CH, Rosner B, Belanger C, Rothman KJ, Speizer FE. Early menopause and the risk of myocardial infarction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981;139:47–51
  15. Willett W, Stampfer MJ, Bain C, Lipnick R, Speizer FE, Rosner B, et al.  Cigarette smoking, relative weight, and menopause. Am J Epidemiol. 1983;117:651–658
  16. Ginsburg J. What determines the age at the menopause?. BMJ. 1991;302:1288–1289
  17. Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Stason WB, Rosner B, Hennekens CH, et al.  Reproducibility and validity of self-reported menopausal status in a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 1987;126:319–325

PII: S0895-4356(98)00170-X

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 52, Issue 4 , Pages 303-307 , April 1999

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