Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 63, Issue 12 , Page 1391 , December 2010

Covariate adjustment increases statistical power in randomized controlled trials

References 

  1. Austin PC, Manca A, Zwarenstein M, Juurlink DN, Stanbrook MB. A substantial and confusing variation exists in handling of baseline covariates in randomized controlled trials: a review of trials published in leading medical journals. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63:142–153
  2. Hauck WW, Anderson S, Marcus SM. Should we adjust for covariates in nonlinear regression analyses of randomized trials?. Control Clin Trials. 1998;19:249–256
  3. Hernandez AV, Steyerberg EW, Habbema JD. Covariate adjustment in randomized controlled trials with dichotomous outcomes increases statistical power and reduces sample size requirements. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004;57:454–460
  4. Steyerberg EW, Bossuyt PM, Lee KL. Clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction: should we adjust for baseline characteristics?. Am Heart J. 2000;139:745–751
  5. Pocock SJ, Assmann SE, Enos LE, Kasten LE. Subgroup analysis, covariate adjustment and baseline comparisons in clinical trial reporting: current practice and problems. Stat Med. 2002;21:2917–2930
  6. Hernandez AV, Steyerberg EW, Butcher I, Mushkudiani N, Taylor GS, Murray GD, et al. Adjustment for strong predictors of outcome in traumatic brain injury trials: 25% reduction in sample size requirements in the IMPACT study. J Neurotrauma. 2006;23:1295–1303
  7. Roozenbeek B, Maas AI, Lingsma HF, Butcher I, Lu J, Marmarou A, et al. Baseline characteristics and statistical power in randomized controlled trials: selection, prognostic targeting, or covariate adjustment?. Crit Care Med. 2009;37:2683–2690

 Supported by NIH grant NS-042691.

PII: S0895-4356(10)00188-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.05.003

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 63, Issue 12 , Page 1391 , December 2010

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