Mathematical coupling may account for the association between baseline severity and minimally important difference values

Abstract 

Objective

To generate anchor-based values for the “minimally important difference” (MID) for a number of commonly used patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures and to examine whether these values could be applied across the continuum of preoperative patient severity.

Study Design and Setting

Six prospective cohort studies of patients undergoing elective surgery at hospitals in England and Wales. Patients completed questionnaires about their health and health-related quality of life before and after surgery. MID values were calculated using the mean change score for a reference group of patients who reported they were “a little better” after surgery minus the mean change score for those who said they were “about the same.” Pearson's correlation was used to examine the association between baseline severity and change scores in the reference group. Baseline severity was expressed in two ways: first in terms of preoperative scores and second in terms of the average of pre- and postoperative scores (Oldham's method).

Results

Of the 10 PRO measures examined, eight demonstrated a moderate or high positive association between preoperative scores and MID values. Only two measures demonstrated such an association when Oldham's measure of baseline severity was used.

Conclusion

In general, there is little association between baseline severity and MID values. However, a moderate association persists for some measures, and it is recommended that researchers continue to test for this relationship when generating anchor-based MID values from change scores.

Keywords: Quality of life, Surgery, Psychometrics, Longitudinal studies, Health services research, Outcome assessment