Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 63, Issue 1 , Pages 7-8 , January 2010

Methods to calculate relative risks, risk differences, and numbers needed to treat from logistic regression

  • Ralf Bender

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Biometry, Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), Dillenburger Str. 27, D-51105 Cologne, Germany
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +49-221-35685-451; fax: +49-221-35685-891.
    • ,
  • Oliver Kuss

      Affiliations

    • Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany

,Accepted 1 July 2009.

References 

  1. Austin PC. Absolute risk reductions, relative risks, relative risk reductions, and numbers needed to treat can be obtained from a logistic regression model. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63:47–56
  2. Localio AR, Margolis DJ, Berlin JA. Relative risks and confidence intervals were easily computed indirectly from multivariable logistic regression. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:874–882
  3. Bender R, Blettner M. Calculating the “number needed to be exposed” with adjustment for confounding variables in epidemiological studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55:525–530
  4. Bender R, Kuss O. Confidence intervals for adjusted NNEs: a simulation study. [Letter] J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56:205–206
  5. Bender R, Kuss O, Hildebrandt M, Gehrmann U. Estimating adjusted NNT measures in logistic regression analysis. Stat Med. 2007;26:5586–5595
  6. Bender R, Hildebrandt M, Kuss O. Die Berechnung adjustierter NNEs in Kohortenstudien. In:  Kaiser K,  Bödeker R-H editor. Statistik und Datenanalyse mit SAS®−Proceedings der 10. Konferenz der SAS®-Anwender in Forschung und Entwicklung (KSFE). Aachen: Shaker; 2006;p. 19–33
  7. Laubender RP, Bender R. Estimating adjusted risk difference (RD) and number needed to treat (NNT) measures in the Cox regression model. Stat Med; under review.
  8. Hauck WW, Neuhaus JM, Kalbfleisch JD, Anderson S. A consequence of omitted covariates when estimating odds ratios. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44:77–81
  9. Hauck WW, Anderson S, Marcus SM. Should we adjust for covariates in nonlinear regression analyses of randomized trials?. Control Clin Trials. 1998;19:249–256
  10. Heller RF, Dobson AJ, Attia J, Page J. Impact numbers: Measures of risk factor impact on the whole population from case-control and cohort studies. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002;56:606–610
  11. Gehrmann U, Kuss O, Wellmann J, Bender R. Logistic regression was preferred to estimate risk differences and numbers needed to be exposed adjusted for covariates. J Clin Epidemiol; under review.

PII: S0895-4356(09)00214-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.07.007

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 63, Issue 1 , Pages 7-8 , January 2010

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