Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 62, Issue 12 , Pages 1226-1232, December 2009

Instrumental variables I: instrumental variables exploit natural variation in nonexperimental data to estimate causal relationships

  • Jeremy A. Rassen

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
    • Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    • Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont Street, Suite 3030, Boston, MA 02120, USA.
    • ,
  • M. Alan Brookhart

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
    • Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    • ,
  • Robert J. Glynn

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
    • Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    • Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
    • ,
  • Murray A. Mittleman

      Affiliations

    • Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    • Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
    • Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
    • ,
  • Sebastian Schneeweiss

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
    • Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    • Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

Accepted 14 December 2008. published online 09 April 2009.

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PII: S0895-4356(09)00014-6

doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.12.005

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 62, Issue 12 , Pages 1226-1232, December 2009

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