Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 59, Issue 11 , Pages 1150-1154 , November 2006

Claude Bernard was a 19th century proponent of medicine based on evidence

  • Alfredo Morabia

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: 718-670-4226; fax: 718-670-4165.

,Accepted 3 February 2006.

References 

  1. Bernard C. An introduction to the study of experimental medicine. New York: Dover; 1957;
  2. Bernard C. Introduction à l'étude de la médecine expérimentale. Paris: Flammarion; 1984;1865
  3. Editorial. Claude Bernard on medical statistics. BMJ 1865;ii:638–39.
  4. LaFollette H, Shanks N. Animal experimentation: the legacy of Claude Bernard. Int Stud Philos Sci. 1994;8:195–210
  5. Mathews JR. Quantification and the quest for medical certainty. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1996;
  6. Morabia APCA. Louis and the birth of clinical epidemiology. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49:1327–1333
  7. Bynum WF. Science and the practice of medicine in the nineteenth century. Cambridge: University Press; 1994;
  8. Pinel, P. Résultats d'observations et construction des tables pour servir à déterminer le degré de probabilité de la guérison des aliénés. Mém Cl Sci Math Phys Inst Natl France, Premier semestre 1807, 169–205. 1807. Paris, Baudouin. Ref. type: Journal (Full).
  9. Lilienfeld DE, Lilienfeld AM. The French influence on the development of epidemiology. In:  Lilienfeld AM editors. Times, places and persons. Aspects of the history of epidemiology. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1980;p. 28–38
  10. Louis PCA. Researches on the effects of bloodletting in some inflammatory diseases. 1836 ed.. Boston: Hilliard, Gray and Company; 1836;
  11. Morabia, A. Pierre-Charles-Alexandre Louis and the evaluation of bloodletting. The James Lind Library (© Alfredo Morabia), 2004. Ref. type: Electronic Citation.
  12. Morabia A. Epidemiology: an epistemological perspective. In:  Morabia A editors. History of epidemiological methods and concepts. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2004;p. 1–126
  13. Bohm D. Wholeness and the implicate order. Routledge; 2002;

PII: S0895-4356(06)00137-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.02.012

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 59, Issue 11 , Pages 1150-1154 , November 2006