Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 59, Issue 3 , Pages 246-253 , March 2006

Survival estimates of a prognostic classification depended more on year of treatment than on imputation of missing values

  • Merel R. van Dijk

      Affiliations

    • Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC–University Medical Center Rotterdam, Ee 20.87, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +31-10-408-7124; fax: +31-10-408-9449.
  • ,
  • Ewout W. Steyerberg

      Affiliations

    • Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC–University Medical Center Rotterdam, Ee 20.87, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • Sally P. Stenning

      Affiliations

    • Medical Research Council, Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • J. Dik F. Habbema

      Affiliations

    • Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC–University Medical Center Rotterdam, Ee 20.87, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands

,Accepted 22 August 2005.

References 

  1. Bosl GJ, Motzer RJ. Testicular germ-cell cancer. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:242–253[Erratum in: N Engl J Med 1997;337:1403]
  2. Hartmann JT, Kanz L, Bokemeyer C. Diagnosis and treatment of patients with testicular germ cell cancer. Drugs. 1999;58:257–281
  3. Steele GS, Richie JP, Stewart AK, Menck HR. The National Cancer Data Base report on patterns of care for testicular carcinoma, 1985–1996. Cancer. 1999;86:2171–2183
  4. Sonneveld DJ, Hoekstra HJ, van der Graaf WT, Sluiter WJ, Mulder NH, Willemse PH, et al. Improved long term survival of patients with metastatic nonseminomatous testicular germ cell carcinoma in relation to prognostic classification systems during the cisplatin era. Cancer. 2001;91:1304–1315
  5. International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) . International Germ Cell Consensus Classification: a prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15:594–603
  6. van Dijk MR, Steyerberg EW, Stenning SP, Dusseldorp E, Habbema JD. Survival of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell cancer: a review of the IGCC classification by Cox regression and recursive partitioning. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:1176–1183
  7. van Buuren S, Boshuizen HC, Knook DL. Multiple imputation of missing blood pressure covariates in survival analysis. Stat Med. 1999;18:681–694
  8. Rubin DB, Schenker N. Multiple imputation in health-care databases: an overview and some applications. Stat Med. 1991;10:585–598
  9. Schafer JL. Multiple imputation: a primer. Stat Methods Med Res. 1999;8:3–15
  10. McCaffrey JA, Bajorin DF, Motzer RJ. Risk assessment for metastatic testis cancer. Urol Clin North Am. 1998;25:389–395
  11. Briggs A, Clark T, Wolstenholme J, Clarke P. Missing… presumed at random: cost-analysis of incomplete data. Health Econ. 2003;12:377–392
  12. Perez A, Dennis RJ, Gil JF, Rondon MA, Lopez A. Use of the mean, hot deck and multiple imputation techniques to predict outcome in intensive care unit patients in Colombia. Stat Med. 2002;21:3885–3896
  13. Clark TG, Altman DG. Developing a prognostic model in the presence of missing data: an ovarian cancer case study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56:28–37
  14. Rubin DB. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: Wiley; 1987;
  15. Little RJA, Rubin DB. Statistical analysis with missing data. 2nd edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 2002;
  16. In:  Gilks WR,  Richardson S,  Spiegelhalter DJ editor. Markov chain Monte Carlo in practice. London: Chapman & Hall; 1996;
  17. Harrell FE, Lee KL, Califf RM, Pryor DB, Rosati RA. Regression modelling strategies for improved prognostic prediction. Stat Med. 1984;3:143–152
  18. Harrell FE, Lee KL, Matchar DB, Reichert TA. Regression models for prognostic prediction: advantages, problems, and suggested solutions. Cancer Treat Rep. 1985;69:1071–1077
  19. Germa-Lluch JR, Garcia del Muro X, Tabernero JM, Sanchez M, Aparicio J, Alba E, et al. BOMP/EPI intensive alternating chemotherapy for IGCCC poor-prognosis germ-cell tumors: The Spanish Germ-Cell Cancer Group experience (GG). Ann Oncol. 1999;10:289–293
  20. Decatris MP, Wilkinson PM, Welch RS, Metzner M, Morgenstern GR, Dougall M. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic support in poor risk non-seminomatous germ-cell tumours: an effective first-line therapy with minimal toxicity. Ann Oncol. 2000;11:427–434
  21. Tscherry G, Jacky E, Jost LM, Stahel RA. Risk-adapted chemotherapy of germ cell tumors with carboplatin, etoposide and bleomycin for low-risk and cisplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide for high-risk patients: a single-center study. Oncology. 2000;59:110–117
  22. Bokemeyer C, Schleucher N, Metzner B, Thomas M, Rick O, Schmoll HJ, et al. First-line sequential high-dose VIP chemotherapy with autologous transplantation for patients with primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumours: a prospective trial. Br J Cancer. 2003;89:29–35
  23. Anthoney DA, McKean MJ, Roberts JT, Hutcheon AW, Graham J, Jones W, et al. Bleomycin, vincristine, cisplatin/bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin chemotherapy: an alternating, dose intense regimen producing promising results in untreated patients with intermediate or poor prognosis malignant germ-cell tumours. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:601–606
  24. Sonneveld DJA, Hoekstra HJ, van der Graaf WT, Sluiter WJ, Mulder NH, Willemse PHB, et al. Improved long term survival of patients with metastatic nonseminomatous testicular germ cell carcinoma in relation to prognostic classification systems during the cisplatin era. Cancer. 2001;91:1304–1315
  25. Germa-Lluch JR, Garcia del Muro X, Maroto P, Paz-Ares L, Arranz JA, Guma J, et al. Clinical pattern and therapeutic results achieved in 1490 patients with germ-cell tumours of the testis: the experience of the Spanish Germ-Cell Cancer Group (GG). Eur Urol. 2002;42:553–562discussion 562–3

PII: S0895-4356(05)00343-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.08.015

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 59, Issue 3 , Pages 246-253 , March 2006