Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 54, Issue 5 , Pages 433-439 , May 2001

The Blame-X syndrome: Problems and lessons in nosology, spectrum, and etiology

  • Alvan R Feinstein

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel: 203-785-4145; fax: 203 785-5177.(A.R. Feinstein)

Received 5 September 2000 ,Revised 20 November 2000 ,Accepted 24 November 2000.

References 

  1. Barsky AJ, Borus JF. Functional somatic syndromes. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:910–921
  2. Wessely S, Nimnuan C, Sharpe M. Functional somatic syndromes (one or many?). Lancet. 1999;354:936–939
  3. Letters to the Editor . Functional somatic syndromes. Ann Int Med. 2000;132:327–330
  4. Letters to the Editor . Functional somatic syndromes. Lancet. 1999;354:2078–2080
  5. Jones E, Wessely S. Case of chronic fatigue syndrome after Crimean war and Indian mutiny. BMJ. 1999;319:1645–1647
  6. Hyams KC, Wignall FS, Roswell R. War syndromes and their evaluation (from the U.S. Civil War to the Persian Gulf War). Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:398–405
  7. Beard GM. Neurasthenia, or nervous exhaustion. Boston Med Surg J. 1869;80:217–221
  8. Young A. The harmony of illusions (inventing post traumatic stress disorder). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1995;
  9. Dean ET. Shook over hell (post-traumatic stress, Vietnam, and the Civil War). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1997;
  10. Milner IB, Axelrod BN, Pasquantonio J, Sillanpaa M. Is there a Gulf War Syndrome? (Letter). JAMA. 1994;271:661
  11. Wegman DH, Woods NF, Bailar JC. How would we know a Gulf War Syndrome if we saw one?. Am J Epid. 1997;146:704–711
  12. Rowe PM. Chronic Lyme disease (the debate goes on). Lancet. 2000;355:1436
  13. Ryle J. Visceral neuroses. Lancet. 1939;ii:297–301353–9, 407–12
  14. Frieri M, Kettelhut B. Food hypersensitivity and adverse reactions (a practical guide for diagnosis and management). New York: Marcel Dekker; 1999;
  15. In:  Dawson DM,  Sabin TD editor. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Co; 1993;
  16. Pillemer ST. The fibromyalgia syndrome (current research and future directions in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press; 1995;
  17. Boss LP. Epidemic hysteria (a review of the published literature). Epidemiol Rev. 1997;19:223–243
  18. Spitzer WO, Dales RE, Schechter MT, Suissa S, Tousignant P, Steinmetz N, et al. Chronic exposure to sour emissions (meeting a community concern with epidemiologic evidence). CMAJ. 1989;141:685–691
  19. Interamerican Group for Research in Environmental Epidemiology . The health of Latin Americans exposed to polluted rivers (a triple-blind observational study). Int J Epidemiol. 1999;19:1091–1099
  20. Ooi PL, Goh KT. Sick building syndrome (an emerging stress-related disorder?). Int J Epidemiol. 1997;26:1243–1249
  21. Sparks PJ, Daniell W, Black DW, et al.  Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome (a clinical perspective. II. Evaluation, diagnostic testing, treatment, and social considerations). J Occup Med. 1994;36:731–737
  22. Bell IR. Clinical ecology (a new medical approach to environmental illness). Bolinas, CA: Common Knowledge; 1982;
  23. Golomb BA. A review of the scientific literature as it pertains to Gulf War illnesses. 1999. vol. 2 (Pyridostigmine Bromide). Santa Monica, CA: Rand. Available at: ww.rand.org/publications/mr-1018/2.
  24. Feinstein AR. Clinical judgment. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Co; 1967;
  25. Pearl R. Introduction to medical biometry and statistics. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Co; 1940;p. 57.
  26. Hyams KC. Developing case definitions for symptom-based conditions (the problem of specificity). Epidemiol Rev. 1998;20:148–156
  27. Wells CK, Chan CK, Milstone EB, Pfister DG, Feinstein AR. Diagnostic criteria and technology as sources for changing incidence of pulmonary disease. Am J Med. 1990;88:117–122
  28. Anonymous . Litigation symptoms and diseases. JAMA. 1899;32:37–38
  29. Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Cote P, Lemstra M, Berglund A, Nygren A. Effect of eliminating compensation for pain and suffering on the outcome of insurance claims for whiplash injury. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1179–1185
  30. Schweiger A, Parducci A. Nocebo (the psychologic induction of pain). Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1981;16:140–143

PII: S0895-4356(00)00374-7

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume 54, Issue 5 , Pages 433-439 , May 2001

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution